Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a collection of neurodevelopmental conditions that involve challenges in social interaction, difficulties with communication, and exhibiting repetitive behaviors. The occurrence is approximated to be between 1 and 2 percent of all children, as reported by the United States. The CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Although the occurrence of ASD is becoming more common, the exact causes are not fully known, suggesting that both genetics and the environment may play a role. The processes of inflammation and immune activation may alter the likelihood of ASD gene expression or disrupt the normal development of the brain in individuals with ASD. Individuals with ASD display a wide range of symptoms, making it difficult to find a one-size-fits-all treatment approach for them.
Due to the potential consequences of ongoing immune disorders and inflammation in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), stem cells are being recognized as a possible treatment method because of their ability to influence the immune system and undergo various types of cell differentiation. Several research studies have provided evidence to support the effectiveness and safety of stem cell therapy for treating autism. These studies have utilized various methods such as using autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells, human cord blood mononuclear cells, and umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells.